Ethics

Research framework and safeguards

The work involves bereaved participants. Welfare constraints take precedence over data collection in every case.

Consent

Consent is informed, specific to a protocol version, documented, and revocable at any point without justification or consequence.

Participant welfare

Sessions can be paused or ended by any participant. No participant is offered an interpretation of results as personal reassurance, and no result is described to a participant as evidence about a specific person.

No belief requirement

Neither mediums, sitters, judges nor researchers are required to hold any position on survival after death. Screening assesses procedural suitability, not belief.

Conflicts of interest

Funding sources are disclosed. Funders have no role in design, judging, analysis or the decision to publish.

Publication commitment

Every completed study is reported, including null and inconclusive outcomes. Suppressing an unwelcome result is treated as a protocol violation.